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Oral turinabol standalone cycle

This is message by one of our customers 20 y.o.  Oral :turinabol: Balkan used, 7-8 weeks. Keep in mind that turinabol is for strength, not actual mass-gains, but I am still a bit wondered with such increase in power:

just finished my first cycle of turanabol. i did 4 pills a day and  toward the end 5 pills a day. the results were absolutely amazing. it took  maybe 3 weeks till i started to really know a difference but my squat went  from 180 to 220 for 12 reps. i can finally bench 220   10 reps. mind you that i only weight 152 pounds . i only gained around 3 pounds. there were no bad side effects like pains or anything like that. i did notice that things  would irritate me alittle more then usual. and my sex drive completely  change. after 2 weeks i noticed i craved to have sex and i was doing it  with 2 different girls a day lol. but overall great cycle.

You can Purchase Turanabol online here.

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What EPO (erythropoietin) is better – Alfa, beta, delta, omega, zeta

There is no specific medical research over this matter. However, medical practice shows that most of pharm-grade brands have virtually the same effectiveness. The only exclusions are long-acting Darbepoetin (Aranesp) and NeoRecormon, made by Hoffmann–La Roche. Darbepoetin is more effective than others. Recormon is very convenient to use product of extremely quality – longer storage time, higher purity, etc. But if price matters, one can easily use other product line.

What is the difference between EPO Alfa, beta, etc.?

As it was mentioned above, effectiveness is mainly the same, but some people may be more resistant to particular product, i.e. one some people alfa may work better than beta and vice versa. Also, there are medical contradictions; certain types of EPO cannot be used with cancer, while they are better for kidney deceases.

So, when doing medical treatment, one should follow advices of doctor. For sportsmen it does not matter, which EPO brand to use, but keep in mind that personal reaction on certain EPO brand type might differ slightly. More expensive brands just makes it easier to use and less injection pain, but no more effectiveness (except darbepoetin)

Finally, at the moment (2013) we offer quite unique EPO brand, which comes not in liquid as most other brands but in powder.  It should be diluted before usage, which makes it less convenient, but from the other hand it has longer storage time and better sustains transportation.

Buy EPO (Erythropoietin) online

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Pharm grade (pharmaceutical giants) vs underground laboratories (UG labs)

 

In MOST cases the difference between cheaper and more expensive product is not the substance itself (we are not talking about kitchen or basement “laboratories”) but oils used – big pharmaceutical giants certainly make it not painful, no irritation, etc. Sometimes (rarely) quality problems occur with top underground laboratories like with deceased British Dragon or even with small legal manufacturers like Balkan. This is not system, this is not often but such problems are unbelievable with Organon or Schering. So, double price normally means insurance against problems and convenience of usage, but not duplicate effect.  And some UG labs are tempted to underdose the most expensive products, so reputation of particular laboratory should be studied before use, in the past we had some brands removed because of that.

www.24hoursppc.biz

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What is the difference between Human Grade and Vet Grade

Article taken from http://www.steroidology.com/forum/anabolic-steroid-forum/76253-difference-between-human-grade-vet-grade.html

 

I had a discussion about this with someone recently and I realize that there is probably a lot of others out there that don’t realize what the difference between human grade and vet grade really means.

For most people, they really don’t care about the difference between the two. They figure, “well if it is good enough for animals, it must be good enough for humans!” IE, if it doesn’t seem to kill animals, then it won’t kill me!

First off, Human grade is “pharmaceutical Grade”. Pharmaceutical grade is defined as: Pharmaceutical Grade – meets pharmaceutical standards. There are several criteria by which pharmaceutical grade is judged. The product must be in excess of 99% purity with no binders, filters, dyes, or unknown substances.

Standards are regulated by a number of organizations including the FDA in the US. But there are different standards for Veterinary and pharmaceutical products within and outside of the United states. For example, in the supplement industry, the quality standards differ for both production and formulation of drugs and supplements. In example of r ALA, the american and european standard is 99% purity, where in other places it is as low as 90%. Beyond that, the production standards can be quite different. The highest quality for standards of production, packaging and compounding comes from the United States Pharmacopeia specifications (USP). USP standards have long been respected and trusted within the scientific and manufacturing community.

The standards of production for animals and humans are definitely different. One of the main examples is the purity standards for the compound and the contaminent level. For human pharmaceutical grade, the standards are so high as to limit the amount of any contaminent in the compound. For animals, it is much lower, meaning that there can be found contaminants that would never meet the Human standards. It is much cheaper to produce a veterinary grade product. An easy example of this would be in the holding tanks for the solutions. A veterinary grade solution could be held in an aluminum tank, where aluminum could leach off into the solution. A human grade solution would be required to be held in a glass lined tank to prevent metal contamination. Now, of course the metal contaminent would be in relatively low levels, but with frequent human use of this solution, aluminum levels could continue to build up in the system over time causing a whole host of health problems. Aluminum poisoning has been linked to Dementia in humans as well as hair loss. (1). Citric acid and fluoride allow aluminum to pass the blood brain barrier, and both are readily ingested by humans on a continual basis.

That is just one example of a contaminent that can easily be found in a veterinary grade product.

It goes beyond the tanks as well. Oftentimes, a facility is producing multiple veterinary drugs and cross contamination can occur as well, such that the components of one drug is found in small amounts in another via equipment transfer. The human grade products and especially USP have very strict controls on the sterility of the equipment used to manufacture drugs so that this will not occur.

The bottom line is that one should pay attention to whether or not a compound is Human grade or vet grade. The best indication of whether or not a compound is of high quality is if it is labeled “USP” beyond that, one should look for the country of origin, and the intended use of the product, be it for animals or humans.

For products like B12, I would not buy anything that was not intended for humans. B12 is made in bulk and the aluminum vs glass tanks is a very real concern. Research-Ology.com B12 is absolutely human grade and even though it is more expensive than vet grade, I would pay it. It isn’t worth alzheimers disease. The CEMlabs products are all USP grade. Research-Ology.com products are all human pharmaceutical grade with a minimum of 99% purity. The DMSO that cemproducts is bringing on is USP grade, and there is only one place to get it. If you use DMSO, you would be a fool to use anything else than USP grade. Other DMSO is intended for use as an industrial solvent, so there are absolutely no restrictions governing quality control at all! For something that is permeating your skin and going right into your system, you owe it to yourself to get the highest quality stuff you can.

For steroids, I would be cautious, but considering what exactly goes into the process, I wouldn’t worry TOO much unless you are cycling more than a couple of times a year. Most steroids consist of an oil, BA and/or BB (which is a sterilizer) and then the steroidal compound itself. In that case, you would most likely only need be concerned with the quality of the steroidal componenet and possibly the oil. If you make it yourself, then you have even greater control.

 

Article comments:

Originally Posted by LeanMeOut
Research-Ology.com B12 is absolutely human grade
I’m sure the research-ologies B12 is good and safe, but it is not human grade as it is not subject to oversight by the respective regulating body, the FDA.

==

Very good info, makes me rethink the QV products that are readily available to me. I don’t cycle more than 1-2 times a year so I should be fine

 

==

Where do we put UG labs, In the middle or some where else?

…and with UG labs, I would think you’d have to seperate them into at least two categories; 1 – real UG labs, and 2 – basement or kitchen set ups.

==

The thing about any UG lab is that UG labs aren’t subject to oversight, documentation standards, etc. So, you just don’t _know_ how good and clean their product is. And just because batch #1 from an UG lab is good doesn’t mean that batch #2 will be the same.

A few months ago I suggested that it was possible for an UG lab to produce a clean, sterile product that some might call ‘human grade.’ In response, I was told that human grade means pharmaceutical grade. So be it; I have corrected my understood definition of ‘human grade’.

www.24hoursppc.biz

 

 

 

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Andriol / Testosterone Undecanoate / Restandol profile: usage and stacks

Bodybuilders use not only injectable testosterone esters but also one oral esters (ethers)  – these are  testosterone undecanoate known under brand names  andriol, restandol, etc. and methyltestosterone. But now let’s talk about andriol.

This is very special drug with it’s unique advantages and disadvantages. Professional bodybuilders usually use it only in the pause between cycles but amateur bodybuilders, females and athletes too concerned with safe usage can use it in separate cycles.  Testosterone undecanoate is being converted in the body into dihydrotestosterone, which almost does not aromatize, therefore estrogen-related side effects are not an issue.

Andriol is taken orally, therefore, on the first glance, it cannot bypass the liver where all oral testosterones are being destroyed. However, pharmacologists invented following solution: testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) is being made in capsules, which contain very specific fatty acid, which makes andriol bypassing the liver and reach it’s target through lymphatic system. Unfortunately, it did not work out as planned completely. Part of substance is being absorbed through lymphatic system and converted to test as planned. Another part is moved out of the body faster than it become effective. The good thing is that the liver is not affected.

Average dosage is 6 capsules a day (and this is 240 mg/ ED); however, only 6.83% of substance actually  reach bloodstream, the rest is wasted. Furthermore, it is being moved out of the body very quickly through the kidneys. Try to imagine what happened if you inject let’s say regular testosterone suspension at a dosage 240 mg/ED (1700 mg/week)! But with andriol dosages below 240 mg/ED have very low effect, even 6 caps/day produces relatively moderate effect.

Thus andriol is useless for “serious” bodybuilders on heavy cycles and mostly used to improve libido during PCT (post cycle therapy) to maintain test level.

However, it has it’s own unique niches! Because of low testosterone release it is extremely safe and could be used by cautious athletes and females. Furthermore, it is not detectable just in one week after cycle is over thus making it a good drug when contest is coming close.

Extra advantage of Andriol is that it does not affect natural testosterone production unless taken too long and in high dosages.
Dosage and usage

Regular daily dosage of testosterone undecanoate varies from 240 mg (6 caps) to 480 mg (12 caps) split on three parts with equal time gap. Drink with water after the meal. Do not chew.
Stacking

When used between cycles, it is good idea to combine andriol with oxandrolone (anavar). This will help to maintain testosterone level and thus libido and prevent muscle loss. Also Andriol /  anavar combo could be used as a safe standalone cycle: 240 mg of andriol / ED  plus 30-40 mg anavar / ED with possible addition of primobolan (400-600 mg/week) for ten-twelwe weeks. This is very safe combination. PCT is needed only if  included. Athletes over forty can find this very effective and safe, too.

Another, stack is andriol 240 mg/week+anavar 20 mg/ED+deca 200 mg/week for 10-12 weeks. Some PCT (tamoxifen, clomid) are necessary. Shorter cycle is possible if more deca used (400 mg/ED).

Also, n certain cases andriol could be combined with testosterone propionate – this is for people who want to decrease volume of injections. But on our opinion this is a waste of money.

Andriol is also suitable for pre competition cycles.

Side effect and PCT

Andriol is testosterone ether and androgen-related side effects might be an issue in theory. However, due to weak action these effects are so weak that andriol could be considered as very safe drug unless the dosage is too high. Only dosages above 400-500 mg start showing  all common testosterone side effects and affecting natural hormone production.

No PCT (post cycle therapy) is needed below 400 mg / week..

Detection time

It is detectable by doping tests only one week after usage.
Female usage

Andriol (testosterone undecanoate) is the only drug, which could be used by females without any danger. Daily dosage is 120-240 mg. Also it well combines with anavar (oxandrolone) and sometimes, primobolan.

For instance female athlete can do 120 mg of andriol / ED and 50 mg of  / week for four-six weeks then make a pause for three weeks and continue with  50 mg/week along with winstrol (stanozolol) 10 mg/ED for another 4-6 weeks. Moderate PCT is recommended.

Buy cheap andriol online

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L-thyroxine (Levothyroxine Sodium, T4)

Buy Levothyroxine T4 online
T4 is pro-hormone, which your body converts into T3 at necessary rate only and thus it could be considered as much milder and safer drug than T3.

Levothyroxine sodium is an excellent fat burner since your metabolism is greatly increased while being on it. You can afford to be a little sloppier on pre-contest dieting since it will still burn fat when you are taking in a lot of calories since your metabolism is going haywire. It’s biological activity is 4-5 times less than liothyronine T3 if comparing mg to mg, however, hormonal levels remain more stable and price is also much lower. And there are some other unique advantages, which makes it very competitive with T3 such as appetite suppression, less need of sleep and increasing of physical durability (stamina), so question “which one is better” depends on your goals.Clinical pharmacology book by Goodman says: “Liothyronine is less desirable for chronic replacement therapy due to the requirement for more frequent dosing (plasma t1/2 = 0.75 days), higher cost, and transient elevations of serum T3 concentrations above the normal range. In addition, organs that express the type 2 deiodinase use the locally generated T3 in addition to plasma T3, and hence there is theoretical concern that these organs will not maintain physiological intracellular T3 levels in the absence of plasma T4”

Levothyroxine is widely used by bodybuilders and fitness addicts on pre-competition cycle in order to get relief, also used by overweighed people to reduce weight. It increases metabolism and produces general stimulating effects. However, this substance should be used wisely.

t4 dosage bodybuilding

It is recommended that levothyroxine be taken with an empty stomach approximately half an hour to an hour before meals to maximize its absorption. It is also recommended that the patient take the tablet with one glass of water to ease swallowing as well as to help the tablet dissolve for absorption. Dosages vary according the age groups and the individual condition of the patient, body weight and compliance to the medication and diet. Maximum dosage may reach 400 mcg per day but that is rare. Monitoring of the patients condition and adjustment of the dosage is periodical and necessaryMost people need to be careful to start with a low dosage, about 25 mcgs. per day and increase by about one tab of 25 mcgs every 3-5 days.

On days that you take multiple tabs, divide the tabs evenly across the day (i.e. 100 mcgs. would be 4 doses of 25 mcgs. spread evenly across the day.) Don’t take for more than 5-7 weeks at a time to keep the thyroid functioning properly. After doing a cycle of this drug, make sure you go 4 weeks (better 8 weeks or more) before doing it again as to allow normal thyroid functioning to return.

 

Cycle 1: classic

Start with 25 mcg / day of T4 and increase by 25.

Do 25 mgs of Metoprolol at the morning (this is beta-blockader, which eliminates heart overload and heartbeating). If heart rate at the afternoon is more than 70 beats/min, take 25 mgs more.

Increase daily dosage of T4 to 150-300 mcg / ED split on 3-4 equal parts. The last one should be consumed before 6 p.m. At high dosages you can increase Metapronol to 100 mg / ED (two times by 50 mg), but in fact metapronol dosage should be found  individually keeping heart rate between 60 to 70 beats / min. If heart rate is more than 80 – increase metaprolol by 25 mg, if below 60 – decrease by 25 mg.

Watch your blood pressure, it should not be higher than 140/100 mm Hg. Art. Metoprolol reduces blood pressure, too.

Length of treatment should be 4-7 weeks. Do not quit suddenly, smoothly decrease T4 dosage starting 2 weeks before the end of cycle, this will help to restart your thyroid.

In case of diarrhea – use loperamid.

Minimal gap between cycles – 4 weeks

 

Cycle 2: clenbuterol + L-thyroxin (T4) + yohimbine

When taken with clenbuterol, this is the single best fat-burning combination that is available today (with the possible exception of DNP). It also helps to make steroids more effective since it is such a good aid for protein synthesis.

This powerful combo is used in some ready-made fat-burners, however, you can save a lot of money if acquire every of these substances separately. High effectiveness of the cycle is supported by the ability of T4 (or T3) not only increase metabolism and launch fat-burn) but also increase response of the receptors responsible for clenbuterol and yohimbine.

Let’s consider ONE UNIT of this stack like following:

Clenbuterol – 40 mcg +
L-Thyroxine – 25 mcg +
Youhimbine – 5 mg (you can acquire it in sport nutrition shops. If you can’t find it – just disregard)

Recommended cycle:

Day 1-3: 1 unit
Day 4-6: 1,5 units
Day 7-9: 1 unit at the morning and 1 unit afternoon
Day 10-12: 1,5 unit
Day 13-15: 1 unit
Day 16-19: 0,5 units.
Day 20-21: 0, 25 units

Take 30 mins before breakfast with water.

After the cycle make 3 weeks rest before the new one.

In case of fever use 1-2 mg of ketotifin afternoon. For heart protection do beta-blockaders like metaprolol 100 mg split on two times/day

 

Tricky ways of usage Levothyroxine T4

Human body produces 90-110 mcg of l-thyroxine daily. For fat-burn it does not make sense to take just replacement dosages because your thyroid simply decreases production in response and you’ll come to what you started with – the same T3/T4 levels in your body. Thus you have to consume dosages, which are higher than natural. But it’s possible to cheat the gland. If you take 12-25 mcg once every three days it will not affect endogenous T4 production thus making aggregated level higher (!)

I.e. in order to encourage metabolism, optimal dosage is not replacement dosage, but a dosage, which can increase general hormone levels without affecting endogenous thyroid production! Replacement dosage may help only to the people with low thyroid production, but why take more risking toxic effects while you can use much lower dosages?

For instance, normal production is 100 mcg/daily. Patient has 80 mcg/ daily. If he takes 100 mcg / daily he’ll get back to normal, but natural thyroid production will be shut down. However, if he does 25mcg every three days, his body will still produce this very same 80 mcg thus making around 90 mcg in total. Got the idea? Anyway you should discuss this with your GP. For bodybuilding you can use the same scheme – either toy with high dosages or make just minor “tuning” with 25 mcg every three days.

This is safe way of usage, but, of course, effect is incomparable to 150-300 mcg/day. It’s advisable only for relatively small fat-burn.

 

Medical usage of T4

This medicine is a hormone replacement usually given to patients with thyroid problems, specifically, hypothyroidism. It is also given to people who have goiter or an enlarged thyroid gland.

Precautions and side effects

There are also foods and other substances that can interfere with absorption of thyroxine replacement. Avoid taking calcium and iron supplements within 4 hours of the medication and avoid taking soy products within 3 hours of the medication as these can reduce absorption of the medication. Other substances that reduce absorption are aluminium and magnesium containing antacids, simethicone or sucralfate, Cholestyramine, colestipol, Kayexalate. Other substances cause other adverse effects that may be severe. Ketamine may cause hypertension and tachycardia and Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants increase its toxicity.On the other hand Lithium causes hyperthyroidism by affecting iodine metabolism of the thyroid itself and thus inhibits Synthetic levothyroxine as well. Synthetic levothyroxine may have adverse side effects like: palpitations, nervousness, headache, difficulty sleeping, insomnia, swelling of the legs and ankles, weight loss and/or increased appetite. Allergies to the medicine are unlikely, but if the patient develops a severe reaction to this drug such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath or swelling of the face and tongue it is imperative that the patient immediately seek medical attention. Acute overdose may cause fever, hypoglycemia, heart failure, coma and unrecognized adrenal insufficiency. Acute massive overdose may be life-threatening; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Massive overdose may be a require beta-blockers for increased sympathomimetic activity. The side effects of overdosing appear 6 hours to 11 days after ingestion.

Prolonged use of high dosages in theory may lead to serious problems with thyroid and suppression of endogenous hormone production (fortunately, studies shows only 20% down after 3 weeks of usage). However, when used properly at recommended dosages, thyroid function restores after 3-4 weeks

Levothyroxin has adrenalin-like effects including increased heart rate and nervousness, which could be avoided by using beta-blockaders

 

Advantages of T4

  • Extremely powerful fat-burner in combination with clenbuterol
  • Increased stamina
  • Lower sides comparing to T3
  • You can buy Levothyroxine T4  here


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Long R3 IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor)

Buy IGF-1 online
IGF-1 is the abbreviation for Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1. This is a naturally occurred long-chain polypeptide protein hormone and not a dangerous steroid. IGF-1 has molecular structure, which is quite similar to insulin. IGF-1 plays a vital role in childhood growth, especially bones and stimulates anabolic effects (muscle growth) in adults. IGF-1 greatly boosts muscle mass by inducing a state of muscle hyperplasia (increase in number of new muscle cells) in the body

Long R3 IGF-1 is a more potent version of IGF-1. It’s chemically altered to prevent deactivation by IGF-1 binding proteins in the bloodstream. This results in a longer half-life of 20-30 hours instead of 20 min.
There are 70 inter-connected amino acids that make up a single chain of IGF-1. This hormone is produced when the liver is stimulated by human growth hormone (HGH). When levels of HGH rise in the blood, the liver responds by producing more IGF-1. These higher “bursts” spur growth and regeneration by the body’s cells, especially in muscle cells. Increases in IGF-1 levels have shown positive effects on increases in muscle strength, size, and efficiency. When you do not have enough IGF-1 in your body, whether caused by disease, malnutrition or a hormone imbalance, your growth can be stunted.

The primary purpose of IGF-1 is to stimulate cell growth. Every cell in the human body can be affected by IGF-1, but cells in muscle, cartilage, bone, liver, kidney, skin tissue, lungs, and nerves tend to be most positively affected.

Products which increase IGF-1 can help improve muscularity and healing and recovery times. IGF-1 can also stimulate a decrease in body fat, an increase in lean muscle mass, improved skin tone and restful sleep. IGF-1 has also been documented to increase the rate and extent of muscle repair after injuries or strains. Not only do muscles recover more quickly, they also tend to return stronger and healthier than ever when levels of IGF-1 in the bloodstream are at their highest.

IGF-1 also has a positive affect in the aging process. It can prevent age-related degeneration of muscles, skin tissue and bones. Because IGF-1 levels tend to level off and fall rapidly when the liver is not stimulated by HGH production, these benefits are greatest when consistently high HGH levels are maintained.

Combined with other supplements and monitored responsibly, IGF-1 can be beneficial for those individuals who suffer from stunted growth or growth hormone deficiencies as well as those individuals who strive to be in the best physical shape possible. Athletes, bodybuilders and physical competitors around the world are learning all about the benefits of IGF-1 and implementing the growth hormone into their daily regimented workouts. Whether you are an athlete yourself, or you prefer to workout more than a few times a week, IGF-1 can be beneficial for you. Even if you aren’t an athlete at all, but are looking to get as healthy and fit as possible for your own reasons, IGF-1 can be beneficial for you.

IGF-1 dosages and length of cycle

IGF-1 novices will be able to use a smaller dose than a more advanced user. For your first IGF-1 cycle, you need to remember that less is more, meaning that you don’t have to use a lot to get great results. This is not like testosterone where you need big doses for big muscles. For your first or second cycle with IGF-1, you will use 50mcg per injection day, 3 days per week (or 20-25 mcg daily), and split into two daily injections. For LONG R3 IGF-1 you can inject less frequent. for advanced users dosages may grow but never exceed 120 mcg daily.

The same is true for the length of cycle. IGF-1 effectiveness falls rapidly after prolonged use. Some users report 40 days, some 60 days, but our advice is to limit IGF-1 cycle for 4-5 weeks to get maximum effect then take rest. Some advanced users may do 50 days but only if they know what they’re doing. Too much IGF-1 will result in deregulation of IGF-1 receptors on the surface of muscle cells. This will jeopardize any gains from the injected IGF-1 since very little receptors means very little response! Time gap between cycles should be 20-40 days.

IGF-1 is also best taken either subcutaneously (preferably) or IM, having more direct effects on the body when injected. It’s also recommended to be taken during the morning/evening only (novice) or after work out only  (novice) or morning/evening plus after weight training sessions (advanced user). So advanced user makes from two to four injections daily.

IGF-1 usage

Assuming that we use the lyophilized form (dry powder) of Long R3 IGF-1, equivalent to a 1000 mcg vial, it is best prepared by using 1ml or 2ml of acetic acid. Let the acetic acid seep into the vile after removing the vacuum from the container. Then, let the mixture in the vial sit for a while. Put it in the fridge where the IGF-1 mixture can dissolve without accidentally knocking the vial or shaking its contents. Then afterwards, it’s all about diluting your Long R3 IGF-1 in NaCl or bacteriostatic water before intra-muscular or subcutaneous entry.

In most cases you have 1mg (1000mcg) bottle of substance, with 1 ml of pre-made acid. Since we want to use 25mcg for our injection, you need to use an insulin syringe (29 gauge 50 IU for easier measuring) and withdraw to the 2.5 tick mark on the syringe. Yes, that is a very, very small amount to withdraw which is why we recommend the 1/2cc or even 30 IU syringes. Now using acetic acid can be very painful, and it is almost impossible to inject such a small amount so you will now use bacteriostatic water or NaCL water to add more volume to the syringe. This will also help reduce the pain of the acid injection. After you withdraw your small 2.5 IU on the slin pin, just finish filling the syringe with the water.

But what to do if IGF-1 comes in powder and there’s no acid supplied (generic brands)?
That’s not easy subject to answer 🙁

If you dissolve in bacteriostatic water lifetime will be too short. Some users claim it’s just 2-3 days under +4C, so in this case you have to dissolve TOO small dosages, which is very difficult. However, in special acid solution it lives up to 4 weeks. Put 4 ml solution into 1 mg IGF-1. 1 mg = 1000mcg

How to prepare acid solution? You need bacteriostatic water, acetic acid, syringe 10 ml, and filter 0.22 mm or better 0.11mm

Take 1 ml 99% acetic acid then 7ml sterile water, shake well then leak out 7 ml out of total 8ml. Add 7ml of water AGAIN, so finally we receive 1,5% acetic acid solution.

Preferably put filter onto the syringe and put 4 ml of solution into 1mg IGF1 vial.

Insulin syringe has 40 IU for 1 ml (when measuring insulin and IGF). Thus 4 ml of solution contains 250 mcg per ml.

1000mcg/4mL: 31 mcg per 5 IU
40 IU = 250 mcg
20 IU = 125 mcg
10 IU = 62,5 mcg

So, if your dosage is 30 mcg utilize 5 IU, if dosage is 25 mcg, utilize ~4.5 IU

It’s not advisable to freeze liquid but if there’s no other way – do it no more than 1 time

Stacking IGF-1

The IGF-1 that’s produced from the use of fast acting Nandrolone or Trenbolone is nothing significant when you compare to the amount that’s contained in a single 10mcg Long R3 injection. Having said that, it’s safe to inject exogenous IGF-1 while taking either one of these compounds.

IGF-1 and Human Growth Hormone?

Long R3 IGF-1 can directly stimulate muscle growth when compared to human growth hormone (HGH). This is because HGH indirectly results in growth and repair by first inducing IGF-1 release in the liver. If you don’t have to worry about IGF-1 release in the liver (because your directly injecting the IGF-1), new growth will be optimized.

Usage of IGF-1 brings more faster results than HGH because HGH acts indirectly and process is slower.

If stacking with HGH after workout you can do for example like this: 5 IU HGH then 50 mcg IGF after 20 minutes (or smaller dosages if you make more frequent injections).

Is there a benefit to using both of these substances together?

“Many research studies have shown that GH and IGF-1 act synergistically to augment the effect of either hormone taken individually. So, the greatest results will take place when effective dosages of both hormones are injected. Usually 10-20mcg of IGF-1 (post workout) and 4-8 IU HGH EOD (with breakfast and at 1 p.m.) is the ideal stack for optimal results and minimal side effects.

Medical usage

Tissue build up is one of the main features of IGF-1, so I’d say it’s of greater value. IGF-1 can genetically change muscular and cellular counts within the body; it can also enhance the body’s ability to regenerate damaged tissue. In fact, IGF-1 is now under intensive research for its potential to repair tissue in burn patients, and for its regenerative effects on AIDS patients suffering from muscular wasting. Immediate effects are, of course, impossible to observe since it takes a respectable amount of time to see any visible changes in muscular repair.

There’s no known lethal risk of administering IGF-1 to diabetic patients. In fact, IGF-1 can reduce the body’s need for insulin, and according to one short study, it can reduce insulin dependence of the body by as high as 45%. This may bring very promising results if we are allowed to study this matter further. If anyone experiences any uncomfortable side effects, stop it’s usage and see if the side effect disappear.

Side effects of IGF-1

IGF-1 is commonly known to cause feelings of fatigue. Some people feel very tired quickly when using this compound. It can, however, be looked at in a more positive light since more sleep means better growth. Other side effects include muscular stiffness, headaches, occasional nausea, and some also claim that it’s sometimes responsible for hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.

You can purchase Long R3 IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor) here.

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Cytomel (liothyronine sodium, triiodtironine, T3)

There are three related thyroid hormones responsible for metabolism – tricodide-thyronine (L-T3), L-thyroxine (L-T4) and thyrotrophic hormone responsible for launching T4 production. Most of natural T3 is not produced directly by your thyroid gland, but rather is converted from the T4 thyroid hormone. Cytomel is a synthetically manufactured liothyronine sodium (T3)  which resembles the natural T3 hormone .

Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium, L-T3)  has proven to be 4-5 times more biologically active and to take effect more quickly than levothyroxine T4. T3 has a faster onset of action as well as a shorter biological half-life, probably due to less plasma protein binding to thyroxine-binding globulin and transthyretin.

In school medicine Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) is used to treat thyroid insufficiency (hypothyroidism). Among other secondary symptoms are obesity, metabolic disorders, and fatigue.

T3 is not dangerous – it will temporarily shut down your natural thyroid function which can produce a lag after supplementation unless you taper correctly – it will eat muscle though, unless you are taking anavar , winny or primo while taking it. It is a great stack with clen.
Cytomel T3 in bodybuilding and fitness

Natural T3 is a regulator of the oxidative metabolism in cell’s mitochondria. Thus higher T3 level means  an increase in overall metabolic activity – your body spends more energy and burns more fat because of this. In low dosages, especially if taken along with steroids, it can even serve for certain muscle growth – due to increased metabolism. However, in high dosages it shifts towards catabolism and burns fat along with muscles.

Bodybuilders take advantage of these characteristics and stimulate their metabolism by taking Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium), which causes a faster conversion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Bodybuilders, of course, are especially interested in an increased lipolysis, which means increased fat burning. Competing body builders, in particular, use Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) during the weeks before a championship since it helps to maintain an extremely low fat content, without necessitating a hunger diet. Athletes who use low dosages of Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) report that by the simultaneous intake of steroids, the steroids become more effective, most likely as the result of the faster conversion of protein.

Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium), is a good replacement for proviron on pre-competition cycles, especally for females. The over stimulated thyroid burns calories like a blast furnace. Those who combine T3 and clenbuterol receive synergetic effect especially because of better regulation of beta 2 receptors in fat tissue, which clen tends to deregulate. As a result these two compounds burn an enormous amount of fat.

Proper high-protein diet is important, taking non-bulking steroids like winstrol or primo is desirable while taking T3, otherwise athlete may lose too much muscle, especially while dieting.

A good stack for max results during minimal time might be Insulin, T3, AAS like primo or winstrol and HGH.

 

Female usage

Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) is also popular among female body builders. Since women generally have slower metabolisms than men, it is extremely difficult for them to obtain the right form for a competition given present standards. A drastic reduction of food and calories below the 1000 calorie/day mark can often be avoided by taking Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium). Women, no doubt, are more prone to side effects than men but usually get along well with 50 mcg/day. A short-term intake of Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) in a reasonable dosage is certainly healthier than an extreme hunger diet.

 

Cytomel Side Effects

T3 also increases growth hormone (HGH) production, which is not bad by itself but may lead to even bigger muscle burn along with fat because HGH is also a strongly lipolytic compound, and this is another mechanism by which T3 may exert its effects. In case of T3+HGH standalone stack this may be a problem, but using some anabolic steroids is going to help with this.

Possible side effects are: trembling of hands, nausea, headaches, high perspiration, and increased heartbeat. These negative side effects can often be eliminated by temporarily reducing the daily dosage.

 

Dosage and Usage of Cytomel T3

As for the dosage, one should be very careful since Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) is a very strong and highly effective thyroid hormone. It is extremely important that one begins with a low dosage, increasing it slowly and evenly over the course of several days. Most athletes begin by taking one 25-mcg tablet per day and increasing this dosage every three to four days by one additional tablet. A dose higher than 100-mcg/ day is not necessary and not advisable. It is not recommended that the daily dose be taken all at once but broken down into three smaller individual doses so that they become more effective.

It is also important that Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) not be taken for more than six or max eight weeks. At least two months of abstinence from the drug needs to follow. Those who take high dosages of Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) over a long period of time are at risk of developing a chronic thyroid insufficiency. As a consequence, the athlete might be forced to take thyroid medication for the rest of his life.

There are some opinions that using cytomel is absolutely safe for a long time and it’s easy to restore thyroid production afterwards.

-I quote – The horror stories of people on permanent thyroid replacement just aren’t true. …people recovering their thyroid hormone relatively quickly (within months, at most) after going off of several YEARS (!) of thyroid replacement therapy. …we can safely spend an athletic career using Cytomel 9-10 months out of the year, and just taking those few months off to normalize ourselves. Is this aggressive? Yes. Is this unsafe? NO. – end of quote-

Maybe that’s true. But maybe not. So in this 50/50 situation we would advice to stay on “cowardly” side and use T3 with all precautions until the opposite will be scientifically proven.

It is also important that the dosage is reduced slowly and evenly by taking fewer tablets and not be ended abruptly.

Those who plan to take Cytomel (Liothyronine Sodium) should first consult a physician in order to be sure that no thyroid hyperfunction exists. If you have never used T3 before, it is suggested that you lessen your constant time and increase your ramp up period to determine your reaction to t3 before heavy use.

Some people wait until your thyroid shuts down in a cutting cycle (as it will when on DNP , heavy ECA , clen – anything that raises the body temp high), however, it should just be part of the whole cycle, not just replacement therapy on the end when you are on low endogenous T3.

When it’s used in a bulking cycle to help absorb all the protein – never go over 50mcg / ED, better even do 25mcg / ED. For cutting cycles dosage might be higher.

T4 may also be used to good effect with the same way but of course the dosages are different – the ratio of t4:t3 is about 4:1 or 4.5:1 so 100mcg of t3=about 400-450mcg of t4

Common approach is to increase T3 from zero to full dosage during the fists 4-7 days and then decrease at the same rate at the end. However, thyroid shuts down rather quickly, so, in order to restart the gland after the cycle it’s better to lengthen “decrease” period, for instance you spend 5% of time of increasing dosage then 40-50% of time on max throttle then remaining time on slow and even decrease of the dosage over the weeks. With this you may come to the end of cycle with warming up thyroid and smoothly finish using of tabs.

For instance, here’s an example of 3 weeks cycle and .25 tabs

4 days= 1, 1.5, 2, 3 tabs
7 days= 4 tabs
10 days = 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, .5, .5 tabs

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Nebido [Testosterone undecanoate injectable]

Testosterone Undecanoate – Nebido brand by Bayer is not bodybuilding but rather medical product, unique by its properties due to extremely long action comparing to oral testosterone undecanoate (andriol/restandol) or androgel/testogel widely used for the testosterone replacement therapy purposes. It comes in 4 ml ampules, which contains 1000 mg of testosterone undecanoate in total. The active substance is testosterone undecanoate 250 mg/ml (corresponding to 157.9 mg of pure testosterone). The other ingredients are benzyl benzoate and refined castor oil. Nebido is a clear, yellowish oily liquid. The contents of the packs are: 1 amber glass ampoule with 4 ml solution for injection. Testosterone is primary male sex hormone. Nebido is used for treating symptoms of testosterone deficiency, also known as hypogonadism in adult men whose testes do not produce enough of it.  Nebido works by replacing or supplementing endogenous testosterone production.Low testosterone levels should be confirmed by two separate blood testosterone measurements and include following symptoms, which Nebido intends to cure: impotence, infertility, low sex drive, tiredness, depressive moods, bone loss caused by low hormone levels. In general, mild testosterone replacement therapy is advisable for men over 40, for men over 65 it’s vitally important since endogenous production becomes critically low.

Testosterone Undecanoate may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Dosage and usage – medical and bodybuilding

According to the manufacturer, common Nebido dosage is single 1000 mg injection made every 10-14 weeks, i.e. ~4 times a year. Unfortunately, many physicians follow that claim and schedule. I do not pretend to be smarter than these doctors, however, there are no independent studies, proven this. Furthermore, bodybuilding is completely different story. Taking into consideration that half-life time of testosterone undecanoate is 21 day, in bodybuilding monthly, bi-weekly (or even weekly?) injections are advisable to maintain testosterone level stable. I’m not saying that it’s absolutely necessary to inject bi-weekly, but in general it’s much better than taking it once every 6 or even 12 weeks as stated by manufacturer. Disregarding of what ester you use – frequent injections is the best way to keep your test levels stable. Longer half life just means that you can do it less frequent comparing, for instance, to sustanon (3 shots / week) or enanthate (2 shots / week). Dosages in bodybuilding should be much higher than medical dosages, something like 1000 mg monthly, and this is one more point to use more frequent injections than stated by manufacturer. We do not advice higher dosages of nebido, if you need more effect, just use different testosterone forms.

But if this is a medical issue, take Testosterone Undecanoate only as directed. Discuss the point above with your GP, but final decision is up to him. Do not take more of it and do not take it more often than your doctor prescribed. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.

Nebido is intended strictly for intramuscular injection (preferably into the buttock). Special care should be taken to avoid injection into a blood vessel The testosterone is gradually released all the time from the reservoir into the bloodstream and remains effective for a very long time.

Stacking

In bodybuilding stack just as regular testosterone undecanoate (andriol /  restandol) – with other safe dugs like anavar, primobolan, etc. Stacking with stronger drugs like deca will just negate it’s very-low-side-effects advantage.

Benefits of using Nebido

Testosterone replacement therapy can produce profound physical and/or mental changes in patients with low testosterone. The benefits of testosterone replacement on physical and sexual function, energy levels, fat and muscle mass, blood lipids and bone density in men with low testosterone are well accepted. Thus, one should observe following effects with Nebido:

Increased sexual interest generally appears after 3 weeks and levels off at 6 weeks
Increases in erections and sexual satisfaction occur within 6 months
Improvements in quality of life are clear within 3-4 weeks and continue for some time
Improvement in depression or mood is noted after 3-6 weeks and reaches a maximum after 18-30 weeks
Beneficial effects on blood lipids appear after 4 weeks and reach a maximum after 6-12 months
Improvements in blood glucose levels become evident after 3-12 months
Changes in body composition and muscle strength occur within 12-16 weeks and stabilize at 6-12 months
Improvements in bone density show after 6 months and continue for at least 3 years
Minor changes in prostate size and a slight increase in the level of prostate-specific antigen occur with treatment, leveling off after 12 months. Any further increases may be related to normal aging rather than testosterone treatment.

Source: Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved. Saad F, Aversa A, Isidori AM, et al. Eur J Endocrinol 2011;165(5):675-685.

Detection time

Nebido might lead to positive results in drug tests. Detection time is longer comparing to oral forms, unfortunately, there is no sufficient information on this subject.

Nebido (testosterone undecanoate) side effects and PCT

Treatment with high doses of testosterone preparations commonly stops or reduces sperm production, although this returns to normal after treatment ceases. High-dosed or long-term administration of testosterone occasionally increases the occurrences of water retention.

Nebido is testosterone ether and androgen-related side effects might be an issue in theory. However, due to mild action these effects are so weak that Nebido could be considered as very safe drug unless the dosage is too high.

However, if you observe any estrogen-related side effects such as breast growth or female-pattern fat deposits start using tamoxifen. If you are toying with high dosages clomiphen might be necessary after the cycle.

If you are diabetic, it may be necessary to adjust your insulin.

 

Female usage

Medical usage of Nebido is contraindicated for women and certainly must not be used in pregnant or breast-feeding women. Some exclusions are transsexual females.

Unfortunately, we cannot provide any reliable information on this subject in bodybuilding  so far. Oral testosterone undecanoate is the only form of testosterone, which could be used by females without serious side effects at daily dosage of 120-240 mg, it well combines with anavar (oxandrolone) and, sometimes, primobolan. However, with injectable form of testosterone undecanoate situation is different because more testosterone is delivered into the system (and less wasted) comparing to oral form, so on our opinion, if used by females dosage should be lower than with andriol.

Contraindications

Nebido is not intended for use in women. Nebido is not for use in children and adolescents.
Do not use Nebido:
if you have ever had androgen-dependent cancer or suspected cancer of the prostate or of the breast
if you have or have ever had a liver tumour

Prior to testosterone initiation, all patients must undergo a detailed examination in order to exclude a risk of pre-existing prostatic cancer. Careful and regular monitoring of the prostate gland and breast must be performed (the same is true for any testosterone treatment).

Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had: epilepsy, heart, kidney or liver problems, migraine, temporary interruptions in your breathing during sleep (apnoea), as these may get worse;
cancer, as the level of calcium in your blood may need to be tested regularly;
blood clotting problems;

If you are suffering from severe heart, liver or kidney disease, treatment with Nebido may cause severe complications in the form of water retention in your body sometimes accompanied by (congestive) heart failure.

 

Missed dose of Testosterone Undecanoate

If you miss a dose of this medicine and your dosing schedule take the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if you do not remember it until the next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.Nebido Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.
Store away from heat and direct light at room temperature.
Keep the medicine from freezing.
Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

 

Buy Nebido Bayer (testosterone undecanoate)

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EPO – Erythropoietin usage for endurance sportsmen

EPO – Erythropoietin

Buy EPO (Erythropoietin) online

In this article we will describe different aspects of EPO including epo dosage for athletes
Erythropoietin (EPO)is a naturally occurring protein hormone. EPO is produced in the body by the kidneys and is used to regulate red blood cell production.  Patients suffering from anemia or chronic renal failure are legally allowed to use this form medically, it is proven that this product effectively stimulates and maintains erythropoiesis in a large percentage of patients treated. The efficiency of this drug quickly made it a ready replacement for older and less effective therapies such as Anadrol (oxymetholone) 50 or Nandrolone Decanoate. The biological activity or rHuEPO is indistinguishable from that of human erythropoietin. Some athletes have decided to take advantage of this substance as well.Nowadays, all EPO on the market is Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). There are five erythropoiesis-stimulating agents currently available: epoetin-alpha, epoetin-beta, epoetin-omega, epoetin-delta, and darbepoetin-alpha. Both, endogenous and recombinant EPO makes body producing more red blood cells, thus increasing oxygen transmission from lungs to all systems of the body, including muscles, which results in increased stamina in performance sports. In the medicine it cures symptoms of anemia including cancer-caused.

EPO in the SPORT

EPO has put a whole new spin on blood doping. No need for messy transfusions, just shoot up with EPO to increase your circulating erythrocyte mass.EPO is actually not that dangerous a product to use if it is used PROPERLY, and one’s blood is monitored. With proper blood work, and boosting to a safe level (typically max of 53-54% for elite level endurance athlete, while it’s around 40% for “normal” people) there shouldn’t be major complications. But do not cross that line.

Endurance athletes are highly attracted to EPO for the effect it has on red blood cell production. It is no secret that the practice of “blood doping” is popular with endurance sports. This procedure involves removing and storing a quantity of blood from your body, to be later replaced. By adding this stored blood before an event (by then the body has restored the lost blood volume), the athlete has a much greater number of red blood cells. The blood can therefore transport oxygen more efficiently, and the athlete is given a noticeable endurance boost. This has no doubt been the difference between winning and losing for many individuals. This procedure, however, carries with it a great number of risks. Blood is a difficult thing to store and administer, not to mention the problems that can occur with the extra cell volume. Part of these risks (besides cells volume problem)  are reduced with EPO, a drug that basically equates to “chemical blood doping”. Some studies have shown that athletes have had an 9% increase in VO2 max, 7% increase in power output, and a 5% decrease in max heart rate.

While the benefits of using erythropoietin are unquestionable, there are serious side affects that an athlete needs to consider. After injection, the blood has a higher concentration of red blood cells and a thicker viscosity. This may lead to thromboembolic events that could be fatal. I.e. if you dope more than necessary, thrombs may stop the bloodstream during the exercises and sportsmen dies. There are serious suspicions against EPO for the deaths of some top cyclists during 80s and 90s. Seizures and hypertension are also demonstrated in those athletes who are blood doping. Most athletic federations have banned this practice and a hemoglobin limit of 18.5 g/dL has been implemented.

The injection of EPO in the body is a practice that would be very beneficial to any athletes involved in endurance activities. It would allow them to carry more oxygen per unit of blood than before thus improving their performance. Who can use it? All long-distance runners (800+meters), cyclists, etc., i.e. anywhere you need high aerobic stamina. EPO also increases performance and durability of all fighters and players (football, hockey players, etc.)

In a study done by Audran, nine well-trained athletes (seven males, two females) received a 50U/kg dosage of rhEPO daily for 26 days. Tested were four triathletes, two cyclists, one rower, one swimmer, and one handball player, averaging an age of 24 years old and weight of 73kg. During treatment, significant increases in reticulocyte, EPO and sTfr concentrations and sTfr/serum protein ratios were seen by day ten, whereas hemoglobin and hematocrit levels did not clearly increase until day 14. From the results after the last rhEPO injection, reticulocyte, hemoglobin and sTfr concentrations remained above baseline values for seven days; and hematocrit levels remained above baseline up to 14 days; and EPO levels stayed above baseline for two days, as was expected due to its short half-life. Physiological tests were also done to measure the effect of rhEPO. On average, VO2max increased by 5ml/min/kg, and maximum heart rate lowered by 9 beats/min after the treatment period. In simple words – athlete can take advantage on the EPO injections effect for up to two weeks, but peak level is reached just after the last injection.

 

EPO dosage for athletes

Weekly dosage varies 50-300 IU per kilogram of body weight. By this guideline a 176 lb (80 kgs) athlete would take a maximum of 4000 U per injection. This would be done in the days/weeks prior to a competition, the peak effect hopefully reached near the day of the event. Sportsmen starts feeling results after two weeks of usage (hematocrit level increases 3-4%). Most of specialists agree that one should not use erythropoietin for more than six weeks!

We find it optimal to use following schedule: Loading phase 4500-12000 IU for week 1-3 (6000 IU in average), then keep supportive dosage 3000-4000 IU for weeks 4-6.  Weekly dosage is to be split on three equal shots.

Also one can use this formula: 20-30 IU per kg for every shot (three shots a week). Conservative approach is 4500 IU / week (3 shots x 1500 IU) with 3000 IU supportive dosage (3 shots x 1000 IU).The higher dosage is – the more effect and more risks you gain. Anyway, it depends on the personal characteristics, base levels, target goals desired. Blood tests recommended if you’re toying with higher doses.

Pre-competition protocol, low detection, 30 000 IU of substance available:
Weeks 1-3, 2000UI 3x per week
Weeks 4-6, 2x1500UI +1x 1000UI per week (so total of 4000UI per week)

Pre-competition protocol, low detection, only 15 000 IU of substance
available:
Weeks 1-3, 1500UI 3x per week
Week 4, 3x 500UI per week

Take one tab of aspirin two times a day after meal or along with milk to prevent stomach damages (milk neutralizes aspirin acids). Aspirin will decrease blood viscosity thus decreasing risks of thrombosis which could be fatal during the long race due to sweating and extreme dehydration.

In general, greater dosages of rhEPO induce a quicker response of increased erythropoiesis than lower dosages, however, they are more likely to be detectable by doping tests. If athlete is not in a rush, it’s better to make three shots a week – peak form will be achieved anyway.

Injecting EPO

EPO is sold in recombinant form (rhEPO) for injection. It usually is packaged as a lyophilized (freeze dried) powder that is reconstituted with sterile water before injection. Injections preferably to be made by thin needle with insulin syringes. Erythropoietin is to be given subcutaneously (between the skin and muscle – into the body fat) or intravenously. These two paths of administration have greatly different effects on the blood level of the drug. When given as an IV injection, peak blood levels of the drug are reached very quickly. The half-life is also short, approximately 4 or 5 hours long. When administered “SubQ”, the drug will take 12 to 18 hours to reach a peak level. Given an equal dose, this concentration will also be much lower than the intravenous method. The half-life also greatly extended, estimated to now be approximately 24 hours.

SubQ injections are to be made in the outer upper arms, front of thighs, or abdomen. If you are injecting in the abdomen, just be sure to not be too close to the umbilicus. If you’re doing some anticoagulant as well, you could still give EPO in the abdo, just not in the same site. EPO injections often burns because you inject it cold. If you can roll it between your hands a couple of minutes or let it get to room temperature, it is painless as an insulin injection.

 

Stacking EPO

Be extremely careful if you are going to use Erythropoietin (EPO) along with anabolic steroids, this can be a dangerous chem to mess with, especially with erythropoetesis-stimulating drugs like Anadrol.

Some endurance athletes may use both, EPO and winstrol during preparation for the contest, however, we have no information on the possible synergetic effects, and, most important, side effects. If anyone emails us his own winstrol + Erythropoietin (EPO) experience – this would be appreciated.

With high dosages anticoagulant therapy such as Lovenox is indicated to help reducing the risk of developing DVT, or deep vein thrombosis. For regular dosages aspirin is enough.

In practice, it is common for rhEPO injections to be accompanied with intravenous injections or oral supplementation of iron (orals are more effective). However, Iron overload may occur and lead to symptoms similar to those of genetic hemochromatosis. Folic asid and Vitamins also advisable.

Here’s possible EPO stack (weekly dosage!):  100 IU/kg of rhEPO; 25mg of iron, 25mg of folic acid; 2500mcg of Vitamin B12, lenght of treatment 10-20 days, 2-3 shots per week.

 

Doping control and EPO

Until recently, accurate testing has been difficult because the recombinant human EPO made in the lab is virtually identical to the naturally occurring form and there are no firmly established normal ranges for EPO in the body. The only previously available route to curtail cheating for sports governing bodies was to ban an athlete if the hematocrit level was too high (e.g., above 50%). Thus, in the past many athletes chose to cheat because, as long as they kept their hematocrit levels below 50%, there seemed little risk of getting caught. Of course, the other way to get caught was highlighted in the disastrous 1998 Tour de France. Several team doctors and personnel from several teams were caught red-handed with thousands of doses of EPO and other banned substances. Ultimately about 50% of the teams withdrew from the race – either for cheating or in protest.

Unfortunately, testing technology has now notably improved. There are now accurate urine and blood tests that can detect the differences between normal and synthetic EPO. This test became the standard one and was the sole means to detect for EPO use in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The reliability of this test helps explain the cascade of athletes who have been caught. Therefore, at the present, athlete must consider “window” – just like with steroid use – when chances to detect falls down, but effect is still considerable. I.e. at the moment of competition, EPO should move out of the system but red blood cells should be still in.

There are short-acting and long-acting types of EPO (we offer short-acting version). It’s better to take smaller doses on regular basis than single big injection. This reduces the possibility of detection by the urine test by lowering the percent of basic isoforms  in the urine. A smaller dose means a drug tester might only have 12 hours to detect the last injection, and given the fact that drug tests aren’t usually carried out in the middle of the night, this leaves only a very small window open for being tested “positive”. Taking small, regular doses also simulates the body’s natural physiology more closely than a super-sized dose, which means that it could even get under the radar for the longer term blood testing.  So 2000 IU three times a week is better than 6000 IU once a week.

Detection time varies 12-48 hours according to different sources (in fact you might be in danger even longer with high dosages). Most likely it also highly depends on the  dosage and cycle schedule. Fortunately, rhEPO has a short half-life and is similar in structure to endogenous EPO. These two factors make blood and urine detection difficult since electrophoretic techniques must be done within a limited timeframe in order to be able to distinguish between the two forms of erythropoietin.

So, what is this test? It is possible to detect rhEPO in urine and blood serum as was done by Wide. He tested 15 healthy, moderately-trained men between the ages of 19 to 40 years old. At a fairly low dosage, 20U/kg three times a week for eight weeks, rhEPO was accurately detected in blood up to two days after the last injection; and in urine one day after the last injection. From the data, sensitivity of the test decreases to fifty percent in detecting rhEPO in blood or urine after three days from the last injection

In order to gain the physiological effects of rhEPO, athletes need to continue its use until a late stage of preparation for an event. A test for increased erythropoiesis in the two to six weeks before competition would have a high likelihood of detecting rhEPO abuse – they can catch you during preparation.

 

Risks and side effects with EPO

Just like with steroids – you should use it wisely. Inappropriate usage might be dangerous if not fatal, but proper one eliminates all the risks or lowers it to the affordable level. Nowadays, we gained enough experience and stats to know how to avoid the problems.

The reason that EPO, and transfusion blood doping, might be dangerous is because of increased blood viscosity. Basically, whole blood consists of red blood cells and plasma (water, proteins, etc.). The percentage of whole blood that is occupied by the red blood cells is referred to as, the hematocrit. A low hematocrit means dilute (thin) blood, and a high hematocrit mean concentrated (thick) blood. Above a certain hematocrit level whole blood can sludge and clog capillaries. If this happens in the brain it results in a stroke. In the heart, a heart attack. Unfortunately, this has happened to several elite athletes who have used EPO in 80es.

EPO use is especially dangerous to athletes who exercise over prolonged periods. A well-conditioned endurance athlete is more dehydration resistant than a sedentary individual. The body accomplishes this by several methods, but one key component is to “hold on” to more water at rest. Circulating whole blood is one location in which this occurs and, thus, can function as a water reservoir. During demanding exercise, as fluid losses mount, water is shifted out of the blood stream (hematocrit rises). If one is already starting with an artificially elevated hematocrit then you can begin to see the problem – it is a short trip to the critical “sludge zone” (so drink enough liquids and don’t forget about aspirin!).

Additional dangers of EPO include sudden death during sleep, which has killed approximately 18 pro cyclists in the past fifteen years, and the development of antibodies directed against EPO. In this later circumstance the individual develops anemia as a result of the body’s reaction against repeated EPO injections (so do not use for longer than 6 weeks! and do not use through the whole year, do it 1-2 times before the most important competitions).

There are also a number of side effects associated with general use of this substance. Most notable, blood pressure can begin to rise as cell volume changes. This can reach the point of headaches and high blood pressure, obviously an unwanted effect. Additionally, flu-like symptoms, aching bones, chills and injection site irritations are also possible. Since athletes are not using this product for a medical condition, a strong incidence of side effects should be an indicator to discontinue using the drug. Clearly one should not wish to compromise their health for an athletic push.

 

Does EPO contain blood fractions?

While erythropoietin itself is not a blood product, some brands of the synthetic form do have a very small amount of a blood fraction added to them. The epoetin-alfa formulation (Epogen®, Procrit®) contains 2.5 mg human serum albumin. The albumin first prevents the pharmaceutical from sticking to the vial, and then acts as a carrier molecule to help the EPO remain in the bloodstream until it reaches its destination at the bone marrow.

 

Pharmacology

Stimulates RBC (red blood cells) production.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption

T max is 5 to 24 hours (subcutaneous).
Elimination

Elimination half-life is approximately 4 to 13 hours (IV).

 

Special Populations

Elderly: Pharmacokinetic data indicate no apparent difference in half-life among adult patients older or younger than 65 yr of age.
Children: Pharmacokinetic profile in children and adolescents is similar to that of adults. Limited data are available for neonates.

 

What alternatives to EPO are there?

EPO is the standard of care for many patients with anemia of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). For certain patients, such as those who produce antibodies to erythropoietin, who develop pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), or who develop arterial hypertension, treatment with any form of EPO is not appropriate. However, these patients may be given androgens (hormones) that have been shown to stimulate bone marrow function. Of course, as with any medicine, these substances are not without side effects of their own. One of the most widely used of these is nandrolone decanoate (NAND), which seems to be better tolerated with less dramatic side effects than other androgenics.

In some cases, intravenous iron without EPO appears to be as effective in correcting anemia.

 

Medical Indications and Usage

Below we’ll provide some information for medical EPO (erythropoietin) usage. Please use this for information purposes only! We can give advices in sport, but not with life-threatening deceases. We do not to harm anybody by improper advice, make sure to contact your GP before usage!!!

So, where it is used in medicine? Treatment of anemia related to chronic renal failure (CRF), anemia related to zidovudine therapy in HIV-infected patients, and anemia due to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-myeloid malignancies; reduction of allergenic blood transfusions in surgery patients.

Kidney disease patients : Recombinant human erythropoietin was first approved as an adjunct in the treatment of kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in whom anemia is an inevitability due to both the disease and the dialysis.
AIDS patients : Approval was also given for it to be given to AIDS patients on AZT (ziduvidene).
Red cell production : Its use is increasing in preoperative and postoperative settings to stimulate the surgical patient’s red cell production.
Acute surgical and post-op : It may be of benefit in acute surgical settings, and may permit more rapid recovery in the post-op period. In particular, it may be a useful adjunct following perioperative hemodilution.
Chemotherapy : It is also gaining currency in the treatment of anemia secondary to chemotherapy for cancer.
Blood transfusion alternative : In many clinical settings EPO may be used to reduce or even eliminate the need for blood transfusion. It can be used in neonates for treatment of anemia of prematurity. Various clinical applications for EPO and a succinct historical perspective of erythropoietin are presented and discussed in research by T. Ng, et al. (2003).
Other potential benefits : There is evidence to show that, in addition to boosting RBC production, EPO may have a positive effect on platelet and leukocyte production. EPO has also demonstrated a tissue-protective ability, of particular benefit in chronic heart failure and neurological damage, and may benefit surgical and burn patients through its wound healing properties.
Unlabeled Uses: Anemia associated with critically ill patients, CHF, chronic disease (eg, rheumatoid arthritis), postpartum anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, multiple myeloma, Jehovah’s witnesses (due to prohibition of human blood transfusion), radiation treatment, epidermolysis bullosa, porphyria, for athletic enhancement (yes, that’s our case!), sexual dysfunction, transfusion iron overload, uremic pruritus.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to mammalian cell–derived products or human albumin; uncontrolled hypertension.

 

Medical Dosage and Administration of EPO

The optimal dosing regimen has yet to be defined. The authors of some studies favor lower doses such as 75 to 150 IU for every kilogram (u/kg) of body weight given daily or every other day. Others found that 600 u/kg given once a week was more effective. Nevertheless, the most commonly ordered dose is likely to be 300 u/kg three or four times a week. Thus, for a 70 kg patient, 60,000 IU per week would be ordered.

 

Cancer Patients EPO usage

Adults

Subcutaneous 3 times/wk dosing: 150 units/kg 3 times/wk. Reduce the dose by 25% when Hgb reaches a level needed to avoid transfusion or increases more than 1 g/dL in any 2-wk period. Withhold the dose when Hgb exceeds a level needed to avoid transfusion and restart at 25% below the previous dose when the Hgb approaches a level where transfusions may be required. Increase the dosage to 300 units/kg 3 times/wk if the response is not satisfactory after 4 wk to achieve and maintain the lowest Hgb levels sufficient to avoid the need for RBC transfusion and not to exceed the upper safety limit of 12 g/dL. Discontinue if after 8 wk there is no response as measured by Hgb levels or if transfusions are still required. Weekly dosing: 40,000 units/wk. Reduce the dose by 25% when the Hgb reaches a level needed to avoid transfusion or increases more than 1 g/dL in any 2-wk period. Withhold the dose if the Hgb exceeds a level needed to avoid transfusion and restart at 25% below the previous dose when the Hgb approaches a level where transfusion may be required. Increase the dosage to 60,000 units/wk if the response is not satisfactory (no increase in Hgb by at least 1 g/dL after 4 wk of therapy, in the absence of an RBC transfusion) to achieve and maintain the lowest Hgb levels sufficient to avoid the need for RBC transfusion and not to exceed the upper safety limit of 12 g/dL. Discontinue if after 8 wk there is no response as measured by Hgb levels or if transfusions are still required.
Children

IV Weekly dosing: 600 units/kg/wk (max, 40,000 units/wk). Reduce the dose by 25% when the Hgb reaches a level needed to avoid transfusion or increases more than 1 g/dL in any 2-wk period. Withhold the dose if the Hgb exceeds a level needed to avoid transfusion and restart at 25% below the previous dose when the Hgb approaches a level where transfusion may be required. Increase the dosage to 900 units/kg/wk (max, 60,000 units/wk) if the response is not satisfactory (no increase in Hgb by at least 1 g/dL after 4 wk of therapy, in the absence of a RBC transfusion) to achieve and maintain the lowest Hgb levels sufficient to avoid the need for RBC transfusion and not to exceed the upper safety limit of 12 g/dL. Discontinue if after 8 wk there is no response as measured by Hgb levels or if transfusions are still required.
CRF EPO usage
Adults

IV / Subcutaneous Individually titrate to achieve and maintain Hgb levels between 10 and 12 g/dL. Increases in dose should not be made more often than once monthly. Start with 50 to 100 units/kg 3 times/wk. Increase the dose by 25% if the Hgb is less than 10 g/dL and has not increased by 1 g/dL after 4 wk of therapy or if the Hgb decreases below 10 g/dL. Reduce the dose by 25% when the Hgb approaches 12 g/dL or the Hgb increases by more then 1 g/dL in any 2-wk period. If the Hgb continues to increase, temporarily withhold the dose until the Hgb begins to decrease, then reinitiate treatment at a dose approximately 25% below the previous dose.
Children

IV / Subcutaneous Individually titrate to achieve and maintain Hgb levels between 10 and 12 g/dL. Increases in dose should not be made more often than once monthly. Start with 50 units/kg 3 times/wk. Increase the dose by 25% if the Hgb is less than 10 g/dL and has not increased by 1 g/dL after 4 wk of therapy or if the Hgb decreases below 10 g/dL. Reduce the dose by 25% if Hgb approaches 12 g/dL or the Hgb increases by more then 1 g/dL in any 2-wk period. If the Hgb continues to increase, temporarily withhold the dose until the Hgb begins to decrease, then reinitiate treatment at a dose approximately 25% below the previous dose.
Surgery EPO usage
Adults

Subcutaneous Prior to starting treatment, obtain Hgb to establish that it is more than 10 to less than 13 g/dL.

Usual dosage: 300 units/kg/day for 10 days before surgery, on the day of surgery, and for 4 days after surgery.

Alternative dose schedule: Subcutaneous 600 units/kg in once-weekly doses (21, 14, and 7 days before surgery), plus a fourth dose on the day of surgery.
EPO usage on Zidovudine-Treated, HIV-Infected Patients
Adults

IV / Subcutaneous Prior to starting therapy, determine the endogenous serum erythropoietin level. Evidence suggests that patients receiving zidovudine with endogenous serum erythropoietin levels more than 500 milliunits/mL are unlikely to respond to epoetin alfa therapy. Titrate the epoetin alfa dosage to achieve and maintain the lowest Hgb level sufficient to avoid the need for blood transfusion and not to exceed the upper safety limit of 12 g/dL. For patients with serum erythropoietin levels of 500 milliunits/mL or less who are receiving zidovudine 4,200 mg/wk or less, the recommended starting dosage is epoetin alfa 100 units/kg 3 times/wk for 8 wk. Monitor the Hgb weekly. If the response is not satisfactory in terms of reducing transfusion requirement or increasing Hgb after 8 wk of therapy, the dosage of epoetin alfa can be increased by 50 to 100 units/kg 3 times/wk. Thereafter, evaluate the response every 4 to 8 wk and adjust the dose accordingly, in 50 to 100 units/kg increments 3 times/wk, to a dosage of epoetin alfa 300 units/kg 3 times/wk. After attaining the desired response, titrate the epoetin alfa dose to maintain the response. If the Hgb exceeds the upper safety limit of 12 g/dL, stop until the Hgb drops below 11 g/dL. Reduce by 25% when treatment is resumed and titrated to maintain the desired Hgb.

 

General Medical Advice on EPO

For subcutaneous or IV bolus administration only. Not for intradermal, IM, or intra-arterial administration. IV route recommended for patients on hemodialysis.

Do not shake or vigorously agitate vial. Prolonged vigorous shaking may denature the glycoprotein, rendering it biologically inactive.

Do not administer if particulate matter, cloudiness, or discoloration is noted.

If transferring saturation is less than 20%, give supplemental iron.

IV dose may be administered into venous line at end of dialysis procedure to obviate need for additional venous access.

Rotate subcutaneous injection sites.

Single-dose vials contain no preservative. Use only 1 dose/vial. Do not reenter vial. Discard any unused portion. Do not combine unused portions or save unused portions for later use.

Do not administer in conjunction with other drug solutions. However, at time of subcutaneous administration, single-use vials may be admixed in a syringe with bacteriostatic sodium chloride 0.9% with benzyl alcohol 0.9% at a 1:1 ratio. Multidose vials contain benzyl alcohol and admixing is not necessary.

Adjust dose to achieve and maintain lowest Hgb level sufficient to avoid the need for RBC transfusion and not to exceed 12 g/dL.

Storage/Stability: Store vials in refrigerator (36° to 46°F). Do not freeze or shake. Protect from light. Multidose vials may be stored in refrigerator at 36° to 46°F for up to 21 days after initial entry.

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